.... by which our government is sought to be overthrown." The blacks at this time were persistently struggling for their civil rights. They declared that they should have the privilege of voting because they fought in the war to preserve the union. In a petition, American citizens of African descent stated that " It (the government) can afford to trust him with a vote as safely as it trusted him with a bayonet." At this time they did not have full protection from the courts, nor did the courts receive a black person’s testimony. In 1865, the blacks did not receive homesteads promised to them by the government. They struggled for the right .....

.... military, he wanted his son to work hard so that he might become a civil servant. Hitler wanted nothing of it. He wanted to become an artist like he always dreamed. One of the teachers in his high school classified young Hitler as "notorious, cantankerous, willful, arrogant, and irascible. He has an obvious difficulty in fitting in at school." He did well enough to get by in some of his courses but had no time for subjects that did not interest him. Years later, his former school mates would remember how Adolf would taunt his teachers and draw sketches of them in his school notebooks. Forty years later, in the sessions at his headqua .....

.... of the United States Constitution. They wanted to grant the federal government increased powers. The South wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states. The North also wanted internal improvements sponsored by the federal government. This was more roads, railroads, and canals. The South, on the other hand, did not want these projects to be done at all. Also the North wanted to develop a tariff. With a high tariff, it protected the Northern manufacturer. It was bad for the South because a high tariff would not let the south trade its cotton for foreign goods. The North also wanted a good banking and currency sys .....

.... and attributes of sculptures from the Gandharan region. This discussion will illustrate how regional differences contributed in developing two distinct styles of art within the same period. Therefore, I will briefly discuss the history and location of the Gandharan region. I will focus on the Gandharan Bodhisattva (2nd/3rd century, made of schist) displayed in the Art Institute. Next, the paper will discuss the Gupta Dynasty, this is period in which the culture of the period was more concerned with aesthetic values of sculpture, which I will illustrate through my discussion of the Preaching Buddha of Sarnath (c. 475 ad, Buff Sandstone). .....

.... the inspiration for his invention of "newspeak," the truth-denying language of Big Brother's rule in his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. Throughout his lifetime, the great English author continually questioned all "official" or "accepted" versions of history. At the conclusion of the war in Europe, Orwell made the following comment in his book Notes on Nationalism, "If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear… Is it true about the gas ovens in Poland?" Orwell died at the early age of forty-seven of a neglected lung ailment. He left behind a substantial body of work and a reputation for grea .....

.... an autobiography. Maynes reveals, “The views they [the autobiographers] reveal come from a very particular location within working-class culture� (43). On page four, Sebastian Commissaire is quoted as declaring in his autobiography, “workers don’t write memoirs.� Similarly, in order for a person to write an autobiography, he or she must have a particular reason begin writing in the first place. The numbers of autobiographies rise with the amount of influence of political and labor organizations (39). So there are difficulties in obtaining an autobiography by someone who has a full on working class perspective without the mili .....

.... lands that had previously been marginal or even infertile to become fully productive. In the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, however, the climate once again began to cool and agricultural innovations could not maintain the productivity of frontier lands that again became marginal or were abandoned entirely. The decreased agricultural output could no longer support the same level of economic activity and, as early as the middle of the thirteenth century, the economy was beginning to weaken. By early in the fourteenth century and continuing well into that century, a declining population, shrinking markets, a decr .....

.... and tales of great journeys. There would be chaos among the most sophisticated of people. There would be a GOLD RUSH. After a great amount of success Sutter wanted more. He was soon due to get much more. In 1848 Sutter decided to increase his wealth with a saw mill. On January, 24,1848, during construction of the mill, one of Sutter's carpenters, James Marshall, saw something glistening. He picked it up,examined it, and picked up a few more. He was sure he had found gold. James Marshall took a 40 mile journey to Sacramento where Sutter was dwelling, and told him about his fabulous discovery.The rise of the gold rush Wo .....

.... . Pots were molded into lifelike representations of people, crops, domestic or wild animals, marine life and houses. Other pots like "Vessel" were painted with scenes of both ceremonial and everyday life. From these pots, archaeologists know that Moche society was very class conscious. This particular ceramic is decorated in reddish brown over a white background with a Moche priest performing a ritual beneath a starry sky. Such a ceramic would have been actually used in a religious ceremony to store various sacred liquids needed for the completion of such an act. The most important people, the priests and warriors, were members of the ur .....

.... his monument to Karl Marx, which was made of granite. He later would when the Lenin Prize for it a year later in 1962. Also a great limestone sculpture of B.L. Pasternak which is located at the Tret'iakov Gallery was finished by Sarra Lededeva. These exhibits helped make 1961 a great period for art. There were other publications that helped characterize this time. Many great works were done in architecture. Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronin, a n archaeologist who studied architecture published Architecture of Northeastern of the 12th-15th Centuries. This was such a fine paper discussing Ancient n towns it won the Lenin Prize in 1965. .....