.... opened up the new field of comparative immunology. Comparative immunologists studied the immune defenses of past and current creatures. They gained further insight into how immunity works. The most basic requirement of an immune system is to distinguish between one's own cells and "non-self" cells. The second job is to eliminate the non- self cells. When a foreign object enters the body, several things happen. Blood stops flowing, the immunity system begins to eliminate unwanted microbes with phagocytic white blood cells. This defensive mechanism is possessed by all animals with an innate system of immunity. Innate cellular immunity .....

.... was introduced to replace the term flying saucer. UFO sightings first started in the late 1800s, but there weren't that many until the 1940s. In the 1940s UFO sightings were being told all over the world. Since the 1940s UFOs are seen every day by people all over the world. Ufologists have come up with a system to divide UFO incidents into three major types of close encounters. First, close encounter of the first kind (CEI) are classified as UFO sightings. Second, close encounters of the second kind (CE2) are sightings and permanent evidence, such as marks in the ground or burns on grass. Third, close encounters of the third kind (CE .....

.... is carbon monoxide which manly comes from automobiles, but also burning of fossil fuels, CFCs etc. Air pollution does not leave the Earth it all gets trapped up in the atmosphere. This doesn't bother most people, and they think that it will not harm them. People burn down forests and people burn fossil fuels, and CFCs from aerosols. Every bit of this harms our atmosphere. Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasiona .....

.... some of them were deflected at large angles. Rutherford concluded that the deflections of the alpha particles were caused by a center of positive charge that contained most of the atom's mass (the nucleus). He also explained that the particles that went straight through the foil did so because the atom is mostly empty space and that the distance between electrons and the nucleus is vast compared to the size of the nucleus itself. In 1919, he discovered the "artificial disintegration" of nitrogen. His experiments show that under alpha radiation, nitrogen is decomposed and hydrogen is formed. Rutherford also devised an electrical method for .....

.... and cirrostratus . A cirrus cloud appears in delicate, feather-like bands that are not attached to each other, and is usually white with no shading. Cirrocumulus appear like very small round balls or flakes. The cirrocumulus sometimes form a pattern of a buttermilk sky. The cirrostratus sometimes form tangled webs or thin whitish sheets. A large ring or halo is sometimes seen around the sun or moon when the cirrostratus covers the sky. The middle layer of range in altitude from 6,500 to 23,000 feet. The altocumulus, altostratus, and nimbostratus are found in the middle division. The altocumulus are more rounded and .....

.... herbs and tomatoes, as well as seasonal flowering plant species. The use of hydroponics in gardening as well as large scale crop growth can enable the grower to produce many types of plants out of their normal growing season. Another attraction and use for hydroponic growing methods is that a person can have a garden in small spaces such as an apartment. In addition a good source of natural sunlight is not required because the gardener will provide the plant's light requirements. This form of growing plants is not only an interesting topic of study, but also a viable method of producing many species of plants in either a small hobbyist ga .....

.... if minds indeed have supernatural powers. Most tests investigated one of the three main "faculties": telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition, collectively called extrasensory perseption (ESP) by American psycologist J.B. Rhine. Dating from the early 1930s, Rhine's tests at Duke University at Durham, North Carolina, remain the most quoted examples of an expirimental blitzkreig on problems of parapsychology. Three years of Rhine's telepathy and clairvoyance testing averaged 7 successes out of every 25 people tested, 2 better than chance would have produced, an overall result millions to one against the odd. Chapter ][ What is ESP? .....

.... a given area in a solar system. There is even some present day proof that life can flourish in some not so favorable environments as found with the development of algae on many of Earth's deep sea thermal vents, as well as bacteria that lives beneath the Earth's icy polar tundra's in the arctic and Antarctic. George W. Wetherill even notes that “Even if a planet or moon could not support life globally, each could contain a tiny niche where life could thrive� (Science News, 328). What are the most favorable conditions for life to develop? It is now known that life simply cannot emerge anywhere that does not contain water. It .....

.... a very small core. Saturn is one of the giant outer planets, which are characterized by their large size, low density, and corresponding extensive atmospheres. Current models of the interior indicate that below the relatively thin opaque cloud layer is an extensive, clear hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Data on the internal heat flux, the detailed gravity field, and the observed upper-atmosphere hydrogen-helium ratio satisfy a model of the interior where the ratio of hydrogen to helium decreases with depth. The gas density gradually increases downward and the gas transforms into a liquid. Further down the pressures increase to a critical level .....

.... to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. .....