.... Wall Street Journal®, "Animals and Sickness", Page 378.) Animal rights advocates and activists generally have ethical objections regarding treatment of animals during experimentation, but the use of animals in research for the benefit of all people is and always will be justifiable. Over 99 percent of all animal experiments are on rats and mice developed expressly for laboratory use. "Less than 1 percent of experiments involve cats, dogs, farm animals, nonhuman primates, frogs, fish, and birds." ( ¯Encyclopedia of Medicine, AMA®, "Animal Experimentation", Page 110.) Animal rights advocates try to sway public opinion by showi .....

.... giant stars. When the explosion occurs, the resulting illumination can be as bright as an entire galaxy. One of the most energetic explosive happenings known is a supernova. occur at the end of a stars lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted an it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy. If the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and in so doing will release a huge amount of energy. This will cause a blast waver that ejects the stars envelope into interstellar space. The result of the collapse may be, in some cases, a rapidly rotating neutron start that can be observed many years later as a r .....

.... 4.55 billion years ago, the Earth was just a ball of molten material. Since then, parts of the Earth have cooled forming the solid crust-mantle. This process has been occurring for roughly about 3.8 billion years. The mantle is about 2900 km. thick, which lies above a layer of molten magma that still exists today. The immense heat from the magma (approximately 2700(C) causes convection in the mantle (Figure 1). Convection is caused by non-uniform temperature in a fluid and density differences. This continuous convection is the cause of plate movement. Each complete cycle, called a convection cell, drives the plate in the .....

.... bandages to treat it. As time progressed so did the treatment methods. In about 1743 gentle stretching was recommended. During that same century, a mechanical device resembling a turnbuckle was used to help stretch the tendons. By this time was pretty well known around the world, using the typical stretching and splinting methods. In the 1800’s plaster of paris was first introduced, and later that same century, the introduction of aseptic technique and anasthesia diminished, but not eliminated infection. As the 70’s and 80’s rolled around, other more reliable methods were depended upon. These new methods were less dependent o .....

.... gradually turning the speed up. Heat in a water bath. Cool the tube. 2. Wet the dialysis tubing with the beaker of distilled water. 3. Twist one end of the tubing. 4. Fold the twisted end over on itself. 5. Tie a tight knot. Leave the extra string. 6. Insert the transfer pipette (cut off top) about one third of the way into the tubing. 7. Tie a knot securely around the transfer pipette. Leave the extra string. 8. Add two transfer pipettes (two squirts) of the Gatorade solution to the tubing. 9. Add two transfer pipettes (two squirts) of the starch solution to the tubing. 10. If you spilled any solutions while transferring, carefull .....

.... a very harsh climate. Because of this fact most of the area remains barren save for a few shrubs and lichens. It's winters last from 8-10 months and the summers are cool and short. Also due to the fact that much of it's territory is located within the northern pole a lot of the Tundra receives alternating 6 month periods of light and dark. This is also the reason why the Tundra receives cold weather; at it's degree of latitude the suns rays end up hitting the region obliquely, thus causing less solar heat. Here are the temperatures of the Tundra in general: Average January temperature: -32.1 degrees Celsius Average July temperature: +4.1 .....

.... is used to control a disease on a long term basis, where Passive immunization is used to treat a disease quickly but only lasts a few weeks. Passive immunization works immediately but does not last where Active immunization takes about two weeks to work and lasts many years. There are many vaccines to prevent Encephalitis and some of the most common diseases in this topic are Measles, Mumps and Rubella, Meningitis, Japanese Encephalitis and Mosquito and Tic Bourne Encephalitis. Measles, Mumps and Rebella viruses are all associated with Encephalitis and all can be prevented with the same vaccine. Commonly known as the Measles .....

.... the tricks of the trade in due course and sometimes became quite an expert. “Do your best� was the general idea, and most surgeons did, or at least tried. Nearly all the older doctors had received their education on an apprenticeship basis but the younger men, those who made up the bulk of the army surgeons, usually held a medical school diploma along with an office internship. Little attention was paid to clinical instruction, and in most cases the laboratory was all but forgotten. Further, stethoscopes, thermometers, syringes, and the like were widely used in Europe while many doctors here at home had never seen them let alon .....

.... also brought forth disgust and dismay. animals reflects a lack of respect for the individual animal's integrity and that the application of such technology will result in undesirable shifts in our view of how we may treat animals and how radically we can meddle with nature in general. Furthermore, it is stressed that, whatever potential uses it may be put to at some future stage, the technique raises a long string of ethical problems. In addition, it may be feared that within a number of years the development and application of animal techniques will lead to the testing, development and application of human . Though this notion seems ve .....

.... corals, are also clones; as are identical twins produced by the natural, or sometimes deliberate, splitting of a single embryo. Members of a clone are genetically identical and genetic identity has given cloning an additional more technical meaning: namely the procedures used to create a new organism whose genetic constitution is a replica of another existing individual. Such a feat can be achieved by substituting the nucleus, which contains the genes, from one of the cells making up that individual's body, for the nucleus of a fertilised egg. Since our genes dictate to a large extent what we look like, how we behave and what we .....